function generateModelCard(model, options = {}) {
	const mount = options.mountSelector
		? /** @type {HTMLElement} */(document.querySelector(options.mountSelector))
		: document.body;

	if (!mount) throw new Error('mount element not found');

	// overlay
	const overlay = document.createElement('div');
	overlay.className = 'mc-overlay';
	overlay.setAttribute('data-testid', 'model-card-overlay');

	// dialog shell
	const dialog = document.createElement('div');
	dialog.className = 'mc-dialog';
	dialog.setAttribute('role', 'dialog');
	dialog.setAttribute('aria-modal', 'true');

	const titleId = `mc-title-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`,
		descId = `mc-desc-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`;
	dialog.setAttribute('aria-labelledby', titleId);
	dialog.setAttribute('aria-describedby', descId);

	// header
	const header = document.createElement('header');
	header.className = 'mc-header';

	const titleWrap = document.createElement('div');
	titleWrap.className = 'mc-titlewrap';

	const avatar = document.createElement('img');
	avatar.className = 'mc-avatar';
	if (model?.info?.meta?.profile_image_url) {
		avatar.src = model.info.meta.profile_image_url;
		avatar.alt = '';
	} else {
		avatar.src = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==';
		avatar.alt = '';
		avatar.classList.add('mc-avatar--placeholder');
	}

	const h1 = document.createElement('h1');
	h1.id = titleId;
	h1.className = 'mc-title';
	h1.textContent = model?.name ?? model?.id ?? 'model';

	const owner = document.createElement('div');
	owner.className = 'mc-subtitle';
	owner.textContent = model?.owned_by ? `by ${model.owned_by}` : '';

	titleWrap.appendChild(avatar);
	titleWrap.appendChild(h1);
	if (owner.textContent) titleWrap.appendChild(owner);

	const closeBtn = document.createElement('button');
	closeBtn.className = 'mc-close';
	closeBtn.type = 'button';
	closeBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', 'close');
	closeBtn.textContent = '×';

	header.appendChild(titleWrap);
	header.appendChild(closeBtn);

	// body
	const body = document.createElement('div');
	body.className = 'mc-body';

	// description (primary)
	const desc = document.createElement('p');
	desc.id = descId;
	desc.className = 'mc-desc';
	desc.textContent = model?.info?.meta?.description ?? 'no description provided.';

	// badges (primary)
	const badges = document.createElement('div');
	badges.className = 'mc-badges';
	const addBadge = (label, value) => {
		if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') return;
		const b = document.createElement('span');
		b.className = 'mc-badge';
		b.textContent = `${label}: ${value}`;
		badges.appendChild(b);
	};
	addBadge('family', model?.ollama?.details?.family ?? model?.ollama?.details?.families?.[0]);
	addBadge('params', model?.ollama?.details?.parameter_size);
	addBadge('quant', model?.ollama?.details?.quantization_level);
	addBadge('format', model?.ollama?.details?.format);
	addBadge('connection', model?.connection_type ?? model?.ollama?.connection_type);
	addBadge('created', formatEpoch(model?.created));
	addBadge('modified', formatIso(model?.ollama?.modified_at));

	// capabilities (primary)
	const caps = model?.info?.meta?.capabilities ?? {};
	const capsWrap = document.createElement('div');
	capsWrap.className = 'mc-section';

	const capsTitle = document.createElement('h2');
	capsTitle.className = 'mc-section-title';
	capsTitle.textContent = 'capabilities';

	const capsList = document.createElement('ul');
	capsList.className = 'mc-capabilities';
	Object.entries(caps).forEach(([k, v]) => {
		const li = document.createElement('li');
		li.className = 'mc-cap';
		const label = document.createElement('span');
		label.className = 'mc-cap-label';
		label.textContent = k.replaceAll('_', ' ');
		const state = document.createElement('span');
		state.className = `mc-cap-state ${v ? 'is-yes' : 'is-no'}`;
		state.textContent = v ? 'yes' : 'no';
		li.appendChild(label);
		li.appendChild(state);
		capsList.appendChild(li);
	});
	capsWrap.appendChild(capsTitle);
	capsWrap.appendChild(capsList);

	// advanced details (moved to disclosure)
	const adv = document.createElement('details');
	adv.className = 'mc-disclosure';
	adv.setAttribute('data-testid', 'model-card-advanced');

	const advSum = document.createElement('summary');
	advSum.className = 'mc-disclosure-summary';
	advSum.textContent = 'advanced details';
	adv.appendChild(advSum);

	const advBody = document.createElement('div');
	advBody.className = 'mc-disclosure-body';

	// details table (now inside disclosure)
	const table = document.createElement('table');
	table.className = 'mc-table';
	const tbody = document.createElement('tbody'),
		rows = [
			['id', model?.id],
			['object', model?.object],
			['digest', model?.ollama?.digest],
			['size', formatBytes(model?.ollama?.size)],
			['parameter size', model?.ollama?.details?.parameter_size],
			['quantization', model?.ollama?.details?.quantization_level],
			['base model id', safeText(model?.info?.base_model_id) ?? '—'],
			['function calling', safeText(model?.info?.params?.function_calling)],
			['active', String(model?.info?.is_active ?? model?.info?.isActive ?? '—')],
		];

	rows.forEach(([k, v]) => {
		if (v === undefined || v === null) return;
		const tr = document.createElement('tr');
		const th = document.createElement('th');
		th.textContent = k;
		const td = document.createElement('td');
		td.textContent = String(v);
		tr.appendChild(th);
		tr.appendChild(td);
		tbody.appendChild(tr);
	});

	table.appendChild(tbody);

	// urls (inside disclosure; only if valid strings)
	const urlSection = document.createElement('div');
	urlSection.className = 'mc-section';
	if (Array.isArray(model?.ollama?.urls) && model.ollama.urls.some(u => u && typeof u === 'string')) {
		const urlsTitle = document.createElement('h2');
		urlsTitle.className = 'mc-section-title';
		urlsTitle.textContent = 'urls';

		const list = document.createElement('ul');
		list.className = 'mc-links';

		model.ollama.urls.forEach(u => {
			if (!u || typeof u !== 'string') return;
			const li = document.createElement('li');
			const a = document.createElement('a');
			a.rel = 'noopener noreferrer';
			a.target = '_blank';
			a.href = u;
			a.textContent = u;
			li.appendChild(a);
			list.appendChild(li);
		});

		urlSection.appendChild(urlsTitle);
		urlSection.appendChild(list);
	}

	// raw json (inside disclosure)
	const rawWrap = document.createElement('details');
	rawWrap.className = 'mc-disclosure mc-disclosure--nested';

	const rawSum = document.createElement('summary');
	rawSum.className = 'mc-disclosure-summary';
	rawSum.textContent = 'raw model json';

	rawWrap.appendChild(rawSum);

	const pre = document.createElement('pre');
	pre.className = 'mc-pre';
	pre.textContent = prettyJson(model);
	rawWrap.appendChild(pre);

	// assemble disclosure body
	advBody.appendChild(table);
	if (urlSection.childNodes.length) advBody.appendChild(urlSection);
	advBody.appendChild(rawWrap);
	adv.appendChild(advBody);

	// assemble modal content
	body.appendChild(desc);
	body.appendChild(badges);
	body.appendChild(capsWrap);
	body.appendChild(adv); // advanced section at the very end

	dialog.appendChild(header);
	dialog.appendChild(body);
	overlay.appendChild(dialog);
	mount.appendChild(overlay);

	// focus management (trap + restore)
	const opener = options.trigger instanceof HTMLElement ? options.trigger : /** @type {HTMLElement|null} */(document.activeElement);

	const focusableSelectors = [
		'a[href]',
		'button:not([disabled])',
		'input:not([disabled])',
		'select:not([disabled])',
		'textarea:not([disabled])',
		'[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])'
	].join(',');

	const findFocusable = () => /** @type {HTMLElement[]} */(Array.from(dialog.querySelectorAll(focusableSelectors))),
		focusFirst = () => {
			const items = findFocusable();
			const target = items[0] || closeBtn;
			target.focus();
		};

	const onKeydown = (e) => {
		if (e.key === 'Tab') {
			const items = findFocusable();
			if (items.length === 0) {
				e.preventDefault();
				closeBtn.focus();
				return;
			}
			const first = items[0],
				last = items[items.length - 1],
				active = /** @type {HTMLElement} */(document.activeElement);
			if (!e.shiftKey && active === last) {
				e.preventDefault();
				first.focus();
			} else if (e.shiftKey && active === first) {
				e.preventDefault();
				last.focus();
			}
		}
		if (e.key === 'Escape') {
			e.preventDefault();
			close();
		}
	};

	const onOverlayClick = (e) => {
		if (e.target === overlay) close();
	};

	overlay.addEventListener('click', onOverlayClick);
	document.addEventListener('keydown', onKeydown);
	closeBtn.addEventListener('click', () => close());

	// prevent background scroll while open
	const prevOverflow = document.documentElement.style.overflow;
	document.documentElement.style.overflow = 'hidden';

	// open
	setTimeout(focusFirst, 0);

	function close() {
		overlay.removeEventListener('click', onOverlayClick);
		document.removeEventListener('keydown', onKeydown);
		document.documentElement.style.overflow = prevOverflow;
		overlay.remove();
		if (opener && typeof opener.focus === 'function') opener.focus();
	}

	return { close, root: overlay };
}

// helpers
function formatBytes(n) {
	if (typeof n !== 'number') return '—';
	const units = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB'];
	let i = 0, v = n;
	while (v >= 1024 && i < units.length - 1) { v /= 1024; i++; }
	return `${v.toFixed(1)} ${units[i]}`;
}

const formatEpoch = (epochSeconds) => {
	if (!Number.isFinite(epochSeconds)) return '—';
	try { return new Date(epochSeconds * 1000).toLocaleString(); } catch { return '—'; }
}

function formatIso(iso) {
	if (!iso || typeof iso !== 'string') return '—';
	const d = new Date(iso);
	return isNaN(d.getTime()) ? iso : d.toLocaleString();
}

const safeText = (v) => { return v === undefined || v === null ? null : String(v); },
	prettyJson = (obj) => {
		try { return JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2); } catch { return String(obj); }
	}


const makeOptionLabel = (m, models) => {
	const base = m?.name ?? m?.id ?? 'model',
		duplicates = models.filter(x => (x?.name ?? x?.id) === (m?.name ?? m?.id));

	if (duplicates.length > 1) {
		const hint = m?.ollama?.details?.parameter_size || m?.ollama?.details?.quantization_level;
		return hint ? `${base} • ${hint}` : `${base} • ${String(m?.id).slice(0, 8)}`;
	}

	return base;
};

// render options
function renderModelList(models) {
	const sel = document.querySelector('#model-select'),
		card = document.querySelector('#selected-model-card');

	if (!sel) {
		console.warn('failed to find model dropdown');
		return;
	}

	const list = Array.isArray(models) ? models : [];
	sel.__modelsData = list;
	if (card) card.__modelsData = list;

	const prevValue = sel.value;
	for (let i = sel.options.length - 1; i >= 1; i--) sel.remove(i);

	list.forEach(m => {
		const opt = document.createElement('option');
		opt.value = String(m?.id ?? '');
		opt.textContent = makeOptionLabel(m, list);
		sel.appendChild(opt);
	});

	const selectedExists = list.some(m => String(m?.id ?? '') === prevValue);
	sel.value = selectedExists ? prevValue : '';

	const updateCard = (id) => {
		if (!card) return;
		const registry = card.__modelsData || [],
			model = registry.find(m => String(m?.id ?? '') === id);

		if (!id || !model) {
			card.hidden = true;
			card.dataset.modelId = '';
			card.replaceChildren();
			card.setAttribute('aria-label', 'No model selected');
			return;
		}

		card.hidden = false;
		card.dataset.modelId = id;
		card.setAttribute('aria-label', `Selected model ${makeOptionLabel(model, registry)}`);
		card.replaceChildren();

		const title = document.createElement('span');
		title.className = 'selected-model-title';
		title.textContent = model?.name ?? model?.id ?? 'model';

		const metaParts = [];
		if (model?.owned_by) metaParts.push(model.owned_by);

		const paramSize = model?.ollama?.details?.parameter_size;
		if (paramSize) metaParts.push(paramSize);

		const quant = model?.ollama?.details?.quantization_level;
		if (quant) metaParts.push(quant);

		const metaText = metaParts.join(' • '),
			descRaw = (model?.info?.meta?.description ?? '').trim(),
			descText = descRaw.length > 90 ? `${descRaw.slice(0, 87).trim()}…` : descRaw;

		const hint = document.createElement('span');
		hint.className = 'selected-model-hint';
		hint.textContent = 'Open model details';

		card.appendChild(title);
		if (metaText) {
			const meta = document.createElement('span');
			meta.className = 'selected-model-meta';
			meta.textContent = metaText;
			card.appendChild(meta);
		}

		if (descText) {
			const desc = document.createElement('span');
			desc.className = 'selected-model-desc';
			desc.textContent = descText;
			card.appendChild(desc);
		}

		card.appendChild(hint);
	};

	if (!sel.__modelChangeHandler) {
		sel.__modelChangeHandler = (e) => {
			const target = /** @type {HTMLSelectElement} */(e.currentTarget),
				id = target.value;

			if (id) updateCard(id);

			// const registry = sel.__modelsData || [],
			// 	model = registry.find(m => String(m?.id ?? '') === id);

			// if (!model) return;
			// generateModelCard(model, { trigger: sel });
		};
		sel.addEventListener('change', sel.__modelChangeHandler);
	}

	if (card && !card.dataset.bound) {
		card.addEventListener('click', () => {
			const id = card.dataset.modelId;
			if (!id) return;
			const registry = card.__modelsData || [];
			const model = registry.find(m => String(m?.id ?? '') === id);
			if (model) generateModelCard(model, { trigger: card });
		});
		card.dataset.bound = 'true';
	}

	updateCard(sel.value);
}