Data-Analytics/Lab 1/epi2024variables2024-12-11.csv

1	Type	Abbreviation	Variable	IssueCategory	PolicyObjective	Weight	Description
2	EPI	EPI	Environmental Performance Index				The 2024 EPI combines 58 indicators across 11 issue categories
3	PolicyObjective	ECO	Ecosystem Vitality			45.00%	The Ecosystem Vitality policy objective measures how well countries are preserving
4	IssueCategory	BDH	Biodiversity & Habitat		Ecosystem Vitality	25.00%	The Biodiversity and Habitat issue category assesses countries’ actions toward retaining natural ecosystems and protecting the full range of biodiversity within their borders. It consists of 12 indicators: protection of marine key biodiversity areas
5	Indicator	MKP	Marine KBA Protection	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	3.00%	Percentage of area designated as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) within a country's exclusive economic zone(s) that is covered by marine protected areas. Marine Protected Area data comes from the March 2024 release of the World Database on Protected Areas (https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/thematic-areas/wdpa?tab=WDPA). Data on KBAs
6	Indicator	MHP	Marine Habitat Protection	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	3.00%	Percentage of important marine and coastal habitats -- coral reefs
7	Indicator	MPE	Marine Protection Stringency	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	This pilot indicator estimates the stringency of marine protected areas (MPAs) by comparing total fishing effort on a given year inside versus outside MPAs within a country's exclusive economic zone(s). A score of 100 indicates that fishing efforts inside a country's MPAs is 1% or less than the fishing effort outside MPAs
8	Indicator	PAR	Protected Areas Representativeness Index	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	3.00%	The Protected Areas Representativeness Index (PARI) indicator measures how well terrestrial protected areas represent the ecological diversity of a country. This metric is calculated by CSIRO (https://geobon.org/ebvs/indicators/protected-area-representatives-connectedness-indices/) using high-resolution remote sensing data and biological records of species' locations. A score of 100 indicates that a country's terrestrial protected areas nearly perfectly represent the country's ecosystem diversity
9	Indicator	SPI	Species Protection Index	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	4.00%	The Species Protection Index (SPI) measures how well a country's terrestrial protected areas overlap with the ranges of its vertebrate
10	Indicator	TBN	Terrestrial Biome Protection (national weights)	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	2.50%	We derive the terrestrial biome protection indicator by first calculating the proportion of each biome in a country that lies within a protected area. We then give greater weight to biomes that are relatively rare within a country – and less weight to prevalent biomes – before aggregating the proportions. A score of 100 indicates that a country protects at least 30% of each of its biome types
11	Indicator	TKP	Terrestrial KBA Protection	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	2.50%	Percentage of area designated as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) within a country's territory that is covered by protected areas. Protected Area data comes from the March 2024 release of the World Database on Protected Areas (https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/thematic-areas/wdpa?tab=WDPA). Data on KBAs
12	Indicator	PAE	Protected Area Effectiveness	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	This pilot indicator measures the percentage of a country's terrestrial protected areas in which the area of croplands and buildings is increasing by more than 0.5% per year.
13	Indicator	PHL	Protected Human Land	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	This pilot indicator measures the percentage of the total terrestrial area protected in a country that is covered by croplands and buildings.
14	Indicator	RLI	Red List Index	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	3.00%	The Red List Index (RLI) tracks the overall extinction risk for species in a country
15	Indicator	SHI	Species Habitat Index	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	2.00%	The Species Habitat Index (SHI) measures the proportion of suitable habitats for a country's species that remain intact
16	Indicator	BER	Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience	Biodiversity & Habitat	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	The Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI) measures the capacity of natural ecosystems to retain species diversity in the face of climate change
17	IssueCategory	ECS	Forests		Ecosystem Vitality	5.00%	The Forests issue category (previously called Ecosystem Services) measures trends in area and integrity of countries' forests. It includes five indicators: loss of humid tropical primary forests
18	Indicator	PFL	Primary Forest Loss	Forests	Ecosystem Vitality	1.50%	Humid tropical primary forests are the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems on the planet and provide irreplaceable ecosystem services. This indicator measures annual losses of tree cover in these critical ecosystems relative to their extent in 2001.
19	Indicator	IFL	Intact Forest Landscape Loss	Forests	Ecosystem Vitality	1.50%	Intact forest landscapes are large and pristine mosaics of forests and naturally treeless ecosystems and play a disproportionate role storing carbon
20	Indicator	FCL	Tree cover loss weighted by permanency	Forests	Ecosystem Vitality	1.25%	Not all tree cover loss is the same. Depending on what drives tree cover loss
21	Indicator	TCG	Net change in tree cover	Forests	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	Forest landscapes are highly dynamic
22	Indicator	FLI	Forest Lanscape Integrity	Forests	Ecosystem Vitality	0.25%	Going beyond measuring changes in tree cover
23	IssueCategory	FSH	Fisheries		Ecosystem Vitality	2.00%	The Fisheries issue category measures the health and sustainability of the world’s fisheries. It is made up of five indicators: fish stock status
24	Indicator	FSS	Fish Stock Status	Fisheries	Ecosystem Vitality	0.30%	Fish stock status is the percentage of a country’s total catch that comes from overexploited or collapsed stocks
25	Indicator	FCD	Fish Catch Discarded	Fisheries	Ecosystem Vitality	0.40%	The proportion of a country’s total catch in the global ocean that is discarded
26	Indicator	BTZ	Bottom Trawling in EEZ	Fisheries	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	The proportion of the total catch in a country’s exclusive economic zone(s) caught by any country using bottom trawling and dredging. This indicator measures whether countries allow bottom trawling in the marine regions under their jurisdiction. A score of 100 indicates that no fish is caught with bottom trawling inside a country's exlusive economic zone(s)
27	Indicator	BTO	Bottom Trawling in Global Ocean	Fisheries	Ecosystem Vitality	0.70%	The proportion of a country’s total catch across the global ocean caught by bottom trawling and dredging. This indicator measures how much countries use bottom trawling
28	Indicator	RMS	Regional Marine Trophic Index	Fisheries	Ecosystem Vitality	0.10%	A measurement of how fast the trophic level of fish stocks changed over the last decade. The decline of the trophic level of fish catches is a phenomenon commonly known as “fishing down the food web”. A score of 100 indicates that the mean trophic level increased 0.015 per year over the last decade
29	IssueCategory	APO	Air Pollution		Ecosystem Vitality	6.00%	The Air Pollution issue category (previously called Acid Rain) measures countries' contribution and exposure to air pollution. It consists of two indicators measuring trends in the emissions of acid rain precursors (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides)
30	Indicator	OEB	Ozone exposure KBAs	Air Pollution	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	As a proxy of ozone pollution effects on biodiversity
31	Indicator	OEC	Ozone exposure croplands	Air Pollution	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	As a proxy of ozone pollution effects on crop productivity
32	Indicator	NXA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for nitrous oxides	Air Pollution	Ecosystem Vitality	2.50%	We measure the average annual rate of nitrogen oxides emissions over the years 2013 to 2022 and adjust for economic trends to isolate change due to policy effort rather than economic fluctuation. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥3.94% per year
33	Indicator	SDA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for sulfur dioxide	Air Pollution	Ecosystem Vitality	2.50%	We measure the average annual rate of sulfur dioxide emissions over the years 2013 to 2022 and adjust for economic trends to isolate change due to policy effort rather than economic fluctuation. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥3.94% per year
34	IssueCategory	AGR	Agriculture		Ecosystem Vitality	3.00%	The Agriculture issue category measures efforts to produce food and other agricultural products while minimizing the threats of agriculture to the environment. It is based on four indicators: the Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI)
35	Indicator	SNM	Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	Agriculture	Ecosystem Vitality	1.20%	The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) seeks to balance efficient application of nitrogen fertilizer with maximum crop yields as a measure of the environmental performance of agricultural production. The 2024 EPI uses the SNMI as a proxy for agricultural drivers of environmental damage. A score of 100 indicates that a country is optimizing both crop yields and fertilizer application
36	Indicator	PSU	Phosphorus Surplus	Agriculture	Ecosystem Vitality	0.10%	The difference between phosphorus inputs (as fertilizer) and outputs (as harvested crops)
37	Indicator	PRS	Pesticide Pollution Risk	Agriculture	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	The risk agricultural pesticide pollution to biodiversity. A score of 100 indicates minimal risk
38	Indicator	RCY	Relative Crop Yield	Agriculture	Ecosystem Vitality	1.20%	The average yield of 17 major crops
39	IssueCategory	WRS	Water Resources		Ecosystem Vitality	5.00%	The Water Resources issue category measures the extent to which humans are mitigating our threats to aquatic ecosystems through the generation and mismanagement of wastewater. It consists of four indicators: wastewater generation
40	Indicator	WWG	Wastewater generated	Water Resources	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	Total amount of municipal wastewater generated per person each year. A score of 100 indicates the country has one of the lowest (≤5th percentile) rates of wastewater generation in the world
41	Indicator	WWC	Wastewater collected	Water Resources	Ecosystem Vitality	2.00%	Percentage of wastewater collected for treatment. Sometimes measured as the percentage of the population connected to urban or independent wastewater treatment facilities.
42	Indicator	WWT	Wastewater treated	Water Resources	Ecosystem Vitality	2.00%	Percentage of wastewater that undergoes at least primary treatment.
43	Indicator	WWR	Wastewater reused	Water Resources	Ecosystem Vitality	0.50%	Percentage of wastewater reused after treatment
44	PolicyObjective	HLT	Environmental Health			25.00%	The Environmental Health policy objective measures how well countries are protecting their populations from environmental health risks. It comprises 25% of the total EPI score and is made up of four issue categories: Air Quality
45	IssueCategory	AIR	Air Quality		Environmental Health	17.00%	The Air Quality issue category measures the impacts of air pollution on human health in each country. It consists of seven indicators: anthropogenic PM2.5 exposure
46	Indicator	HPE	Anthropogenic PM2.5 exposure	Air Quality	Environmental Health	6.50%	We measure the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite-derived ground-level measurements weighted by population density. We exclude the population-weighted fraction of exposure to PM2.5 from windblown dust
47	Indicator	HFD	Household solid fuels	Air Quality	Environmental Health	6.50%	We measure household solid fuels using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100
48	Indicator	OZD	Ozone exposure	Air Quality	Environmental Health	1.50%	We measure ozone exposure using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100
49	Indicator	NOD	NO2 exposure	Air Quality	Environmental Health	1.00%	We measure nitrogen dioxide exposure using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100
50	Indicator	SOE	SO2 exposure	Air Quality	Environmental Health	0.50%	We measure exposure to ground-level sulfur dioxide using a country’s ambient ground-level concentration. The pollutant concentration is population-weighted to better capture the exposure levels in geographic areas with a higher human population density. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest exposure in the world (≤5th-percentile)
51	Indicator	COE	CO exposure	Air Quality	Environmental Health	0.50%	We measure exposure to ground-level carbon monoxide using a country’s ambient ground-level concentration. The pollutant concentration is population-weighted to better capture the exposure levels in geographic areas with a higher human population density. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest exposure in the world (≤1st-percentile)
52	Indicator	VOE	VOC exposure	Air Quality	Environmental Health	0.50%	We measure exposure to ground-level volatile organic compounds using a country’s ambient ground-level concentration. The pollutant concentration is population-weighted to better capture the exposure levels in geographic areas with a higher human population density. We estimate volatile organic compounds as the summed concentration of ethane
53	IssueCategory	H2O	Sanitation & Drinking Water		Environmental Health	5.00%	The Sanitation & Drinking Water issue category measures how well countries protect human health from environmental risks on two indicators: unsafe drinking water and unsafe sanitation.
54	Indicator	USD	Unsafe sanitation	Sanitation & Drinking Water	Environmental Health	2.00%	We measure unsafe sanitation using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100
55	Indicator	UWD	Unsafe drinking water	Sanitation & Drinking Water	Environmental Health	3.00%	We measure unsafe drinking water using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100
56	IssueCategory	HMT	Heavy Metals		Environmental Health	2.00%	The Heavy Metals issue category measures the direct impacts of heavy metal pollution exposure on human health in each country. It is based on one indicator
57	Indicator	LED	Lead exposure	Heavy Metals	Environmental Health	2.00%	We measure lead exposure using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100
58	IssueCategory	WMG	Solid Waste		Environmental Health	1.00%	The Waste Management issue category recognizes the threats of solid waste to human and environmental health. It is based on three indicators: municipal solid waste generation per capita
59	Indicator	WPC	Waste Generated Per Capita	Waste Management	Environmental Health	0.40%	We measure the total municipal solid waste produced per person each year.
60	Indicator	SMW	Controlled Solid Waste	Waste Management	Environmental Health	0.20%	Controlled solid waste refers to the percentage of household and commercial waste generated in a country that is collected and treated in a manner that controls environmental risks. This metric counts waste as “controlled” if it is treated through recycling
61	Indicator	WRR	Waste Recovery Rate	Waste Management	Environmental Health	0.40%	We assess the quality of municipal solid waste management by rewarding waste treatment methods that mitigate environmental impacts and recover materials and energy (composting
62	PolicyObjective	PCC	Climate Change			30.00%	TheClimate Change policy objective comprises 30% of the total EPI score and is made up of a single issue category: Climate Change Mitigation.
63	IssueCategory	CCH	Climate Change Mitigation		Climate Change	30.00%	The Climate Change Mitigation issue category measures progress to combat global climate change
64	Indicator	CDA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for carbon dioxide	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	7.50%	We calculate the CO2 growth rate indicator as the average annual rate of CO2 emissions over the years 2013–2022. We then adjust for economic trends to isolate change due to policy effort rather than economic fluctuation. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥13% per year
65	Indicator	CDF	Adjusted emissions growth rate for carbon dioxide (country-specific targets)	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	0.50%	This pilot indicator measures the average annual growth rate of CO2 emissions over the years 2013–2022
66	Indicator	CHA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for methane	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	3.00%	We calculate the CH4 growth rate indicator as the average annual rate of CH4 emissions over the years 2013-2022. We then adjust for economic trends to isolate change due to policy effort rather than economic fluctuation. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥5% per year
67	Indicator	FGA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for F-gases	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	2.00%	We calculate the F-gases growth rate indicator as the average annual rate of F-gases emissions over the years 2013-2022. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥12% per year
68	Indicator	NDA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for nitrous oxide	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	1.00%	We calculate the nitrous oxide growth rate indicator as the average annual rate of nitrous oxide emissions over the years 2013-2022. We then adjust for economic trends to isolate change due to policy effort rather than economic fluctuation. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥5% per year
69	Indicator	BCA	Adjusted emissions growth rate for black carbon	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	1.50%	We calculate the black carbon growth rate indicator as the average annual rate of black carbon emissions over the years 2013-2022. We then adjust for economic trends to isolate change due to policy effort rather than economic fluctuation. A score of 100 indicates a country is cutting emissions by ≥5% per year
70	Indicator	LUF	Net carbon fluxes due to land cover change	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	1.00%	The sum of carbon fluxes (both emissions and sinks) from land use
71	Indicator	GTI	GHG growth rate adjusted by emissions intensity	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	6.00%	Average annual growth rate in greenhouse gas emissions over the last decade adjusted to account for declines in GDP and for how close countries are to a target of zero emissions intensity of GDP.
72	Indicator	GTP	GHG growth rate adjusted by per capita emissions	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	6.00%	Average annual growth rate in greenhouse gas emissions over the last decade adjusted to account for declines in GDP and for how close countries are to a target of zero emissions per capita.
73	Indicator	GHN	Projected emissions in 2050	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	1.00%	The projected emissions levels in 2050 indicator captures whether countries are on track to reach zero emissions of four greenhouse gases by 2050. These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide
74	Indicator	CBP	Projected cumulative emissions to 2050 relative to carbon budget	Climate Change Mitigation	Climate Change	0.50%	This pilot indicator of projected cumulative emissions to 2050 indicator captures whether countries exceed their allocated share of the remaining carbon budget in the decarbonization journey until 2050. The indicator includes emissions of carbon dioxide